July 24, 2019

Hong Kong Has a Major Antibiotics Problem: Here’s What You Can Do

Last updated on May 18, 2021.

Familiar with Augmentin or Amoxicillin? We have reached a point where antibiotic resistance has been declared as one of the biggest threats to global health by the WHO (World Health Organization). The situation in Hong Kong is alarming. A recent survey indicates that nearly half of the population has consumed antibiotics in the past year. Increasing general awareness and changing our attitude towards antibiotic use is of great importance for the future.

Antibiotics resistance: you don’t become resistant to antibiotics, the bacteria does

Commonly prescribed antibiotics, which include Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline among others, are very effective drugs that fight off bacterial infections, but their misuse drives antibiotic resistance. To make it clear, bacteria become antibiotic-resistant and the danger in that lies in developing an infection caused by an antibiotic-resistant bacterium. In this case, an antibiotic course will be much less effective in treating your infection, which means you will have to rely on your own immune system to ward off the infection. Certain bacterial infections that were easily treated with effective antibiotics such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and syphilis are now facing bacterial resistance. It means that in the future these infections will lead to higher medical costs and increased mortality. Clearly, it is time to take action!

The alarming overuse of antibiotics in Hong Kong

Unfortunately, the use of antibiotics in Hong Kong is out of proportion. A 2011 survey reported that 34.6% of the Hong Kong population had used antibiotics in the past year. However, the most recent survey has indicated that this statistic has risen to almost half of the population using antibiotics in the past year. This statistic is worrying for several reasons. Firstly, only a small portion of common illnesses such as the flu and the common cold are actually of bacterial origin, meaning the majority is of viral origin. Antibiotics are only meant to treat bacterial infections, not viral ones and using antibiotics for viral infections speeds up the natural process of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This exact phenomenon seems to have taken place in Hong Kong where 48% of all Staphylococcus aureus infections were found to be antibiotic resistant, which is four times higher than in Britain.

In Hong Kong, the government has regulated antibiotic over-the-counter purchases with regulations that only allow licensed pharmacists to sell antibiotics in Hong Kong to patients who have a valid doctor’s prescription. However, 2% of the surveyed antibiotic users admitted to illegally buying over-the-counter antibiotics. In light of the alarming antibiotic misuse in Hong Kong, the government has set up an action plan on antibiotic use. Indeed, the Hong Kong Strategy and Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 5-year plan was released in July 2017. It aims to create awareness, educate healthcare workers, strengthen regulation, monitor compliance and enhance infection prevention.

What you can do on a personal level to prevent antibiotic resistance

As an individual, there are things you can do to prevent antibiotic resistance. You can help control it by following certain recommendations, such as:

Only using antibiotics when issued a prescription by a certified health professional.
Listening to your doctor or health care practitioner if they tell you that you do not need antibiotics.
Using the antibiotics as instructed by your health care professional.
Not sharing antibiotics.
Maintaining proper personal and environmental hygiene to prevent infections. This includes washing hands regularly, preparing food hygienically, avoiding contact with sick people and practicing safe sex.

Have fun testing your antibiotic resistance knowledge here with the WHO’s quiz!

Why is it bad to overuse antibiotics?

Extensive and inappropriate use of antibiotics would build up the resistance of bacteria or other microbes to the effects of antibiotics. Ultimately, it makes future treatment more difficult as it becomes harder to kill bacteria with antibiotics.

What are the negative effects of taking antibiotics

Common side effects of antibiotics include nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea, photosensitivity and teeth and bone staining. Some people are allergic to certain kinds of antibiotics and develop more severe side effects upon using antibiotics.

How to avoid overusing antibiotics ?

On an individual level, it is important to follow instructions from doctors on the usage of antibiotics, i.e., only use antibiotics when necessary, complete the whole course of antibiotics, etc. On top of that, always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene to minimize the chance of infection.